Agriculture / farm research ontology — research-oriented entity types for husbandry, agronomy, farm infrastructure, grants, and equipment, organized as an IS-A tree rooted in the inherited generic/engineering supertypes.
Animal husbandry and livestock care knowledge
Grazing, soil, crop, and pasture practices
Farm infrastructure: fencing, irrigation, IoT, networks
Grants, cost-share, and funding programs
An animal-husbandry or livestock-care practice (lambing, newborn care, health management)
A vaccination schedule for newborn animals with a booster several weeks later
Leaving untreated animals in the flock to preserve dewormer efficacy
Body condition score targets for ewes and rams before breeding
Collecting weaning and post-weaning weights within defined day windows for genetic evaluation
Target species (e.g. sheep, goat, cattle)
Life or production stage (e.g. lambing, weaning, gestation)
A grazing, soil, pasture, or crop-management practice
Fence posts on hilly terrain are driven perpendicular to the ground surface, with high spots stapled before low dips
A pasture renovation is phased over several years, renovating a portion each year rather than the whole field at once
Short grazing rotations with long rest periods break a parasite's life cycle before it can reinfect the herd
A farm infrastructure system or component: fencing, irrigation, IoT, networks, towers, power
Electrical code requirements for ground-fault protection at a pondside pump installation
A self-hosted monitoring stack sized for a solo operator's small computer
Pasture watering systems from poly tubing to pond excavation
A community mesh network delivering symmetrical broadband to rural households
Renamed from purpose to match engineering-base.ontology.yaml's component field name directly (same meaning: what the infrastructure does)
Design, siting, or operational considerations
An agricultural grant, cost-share, or funding program
A federal cost-share program with application deadlines, match requirements, and award caps
A state fund offering multi-year soil health project awards up to a fixed amount
Combining multiple programs on the same land without paying twice for one practice
A private foundation granting multi-year support for regenerative grazing
Renamed from program_name to match engineering-base.ontology.yaml's policy field name directly (the grant or funding program's name)
What the program funds and at what level
A piece of farm equipment, hardware, device, or production input
A wireless access point priced for outdoor deployment with power over ethernet
Official livestock identification tags approved in plastic, metal, or electronic form
A computer-vision system scoring livestock body condition from camera imagery
An open-source farm management platform with guided onboarding and record types
Notable specifications, ratings, or pricing
Birth-management protocol specifying care before, during, and immediately after parturition
Labor proceeds through three timed stages, and disturbing the mother during the first stage risks stalling delivery
A normal birth presentation shows both front feet soles-down with the nose resting on top of the legs between them
Assisted delivery traction should only be applied during a contraction, pulled in a gentle downward arc following the birth canal
Stage of labor addressed (e.g. early, active, delivery, stage-3)
Breed-specific considerations affecting protocol
Newborn care protocol covering colostrum management, bonding, and rejection prevention
Maternal rejection risk concentrates in first-time mothers, difficult births, and mothers disturbed during the critical first-hour bonding window
Rubbing an orphan newborn in another newborn's birth fluids before the mother licks her own offspring is the most successful fostering technique
A stanchion or head-gate restrains a rejecting mother for several days of forced nursing until the bond takes
Skin from a deceased newborn is tied over an orphan to transfer scent and encourage a grieving mother to accept it
Critical time window for intervention (e.g. first 2–4 hours)
Type of intervention (colostrum, fostering, tube-feed, heat lamp)
Pre- and post-parturition and creep nutrition protocol targeting dam and neonatal needs
A creep starter ration targets a high crude-protein percentage early, stepping down as the animal approaches weaning
A calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in a grain-heavy creep ration must stay above a minimum threshold to prevent urinary calculi
Young offspring barely consume creep feed in the first weeks of life, with meaningful intake beginning only after about a month
Feed-conversion efficiency in young animals is highest right after birth and degrades sharply after several months of age
Name of the periparturient nutrition protocol
Stage of production (late gestation, early lactation, creep)
Key nutrients or BCS targets (e.g. CP, ME, Ca:P ratio)
Feed type, supplementation notes, or ration formulation guidance
A diagnosed condition or complication in livestock with associated management protocol
A metabolic emergency in late pregnancy progresses through escalating stages from off-feed lethargy to seizures requiring veterinary intervention
Whether a chilled newborn still has energy reserves determines whether it should be warmed first or given glucose first
A malpresentation at birth requires a specific hands-on correction technique depending on which limbs and the head are out of position
A uterine prolapse is a true emergency requiring immediate veterinary care, while a retained placenta should never be manually pulled
Name of the diagnosed condition or complication
Observable clinical signs or diagnostic indicators
Recommended treatment or management response
A breed-specific trait or characteristic that influences husbandry decisions
A hair-sheep breed is noted for strong maternal instincts and a low dystocia rate compared to other breeds
A breed standard requiring no tail-docking and minimal wool around the udder reduces pre-lambing labor and infection risk
A national sheep-improvement program's estimated breeding values are used to select for maternal weaning weight and lambing rate
Category of trait (e.g. reproductive, growth, parasite-resistance)
Quantified expression of the trait (e.g. mean litter size, ADG)
How this trait modifies management decisions
A farm fencing system including type, energizer, grounding, and special conditions
Wire tensioning targets and spring indicator marks for high-tensile strands
Energizer hookup with fence, earth, and reference terminals and alarm thresholds
Ground rod material selection and spacing to prevent electrolysis and interference
Lightning protection with surge protectors, diverters, and separate ground beds
Name or designation of the fencing system
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this fencing system is responsible for (e.g. perimeter containment, predator exclusion, rotational-grazing subdivision)
Fencing type (e.g. high-tensile, woven-wire, polytape, netting)
Energizer specifications (joule output, power source)
Grounding rod count, spacing, and soil conductivity notes
Predator pressure, terrain, or soil-specific considerations
A farm irrigation system with source, capacity, and automation details
A pond-fed irrigation system runs through a buried mainline to field-by-field control valves via an underground pump
A single-phase pump's start and run capacitors are the dominant failure point under voltage sags or impeller binding
Algae and sediment clog a pond intake screen within a day or two during the growing season
Air pockets trap at unbraced high points in a buried mainline without air-release valves, and low points crack on freeze without drains
Name or designation of the irrigation system
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this irrigation system is responsible for (e.g. delivering water to a specific field or crop zone)
System type (e.g. drip, pivot, flood, micro-spray)
Water source (well, pond, municipal, rainwater harvest)
A wireless or wired network link providing farm connectivity
A residential satellite plan blocked by carrier-grade NAT is bypassed with a VPN tunnel to a public-IP relay
A long-range wireless mesh network of thousands of gateways leaves rural coverage sparse despite urban density
A low-earth-orbit satellite service targets underserved rural broadband with a fraction of an established provider's satellite count
A point-to-point wireless bridge extends a farm network to a remote pasture node without running cable
Name or designation of the connectivity link
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this link is responsible for (e.g. backhauling sensor data from a remote field to the farm office)
Link technology (e.g. LoRaWAN, LTE-M, Wi-Fi, fiber, VSAT)
Backhaul technology or upstream provider
Coverage topology (point-to-point, mesh, star, cellular)
A field sensor or edge computing node deployed for farm data collection
A solar-powered single-board-computer node with a weatherproof enclosure provides low-cost off-grid edge compute
Long-range wireless soil-moisture sensors with waterproof enclosures for direct burial are now the standard for agricultural soil monitoring
A turnkey solar sensor platform packages a microcontroller, enclosure, and battery into one low-cost off-the-shelf product
Name or designation of the sensor or edge node
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this sensor or node is responsible for (e.g. monitoring soil moisture in a specific field zone)
Sensor category (e.g. soil moisture, weather station, livestock tag)
Communication protocol (e.g. MQTT, LoRa, Zigbee, Modbus)
Power source (solar, battery, mains, PoE)
Where and how the node is deployed in the field
A farm power generation or storage system
A battery-backed outdoor power-over-ethernet enclosure powers a remote wireless node where running cable is cost-prohibitive
A full load budget for a satellite dish, router, switch, and supporting equipment totals to a continuous wattage draw and daily watt-hour figure
An inverter-charger with automatic generator transfer switching serves as the central component of an off-grid power system
Grounding code requires a solar array's metal frames to bond to the same grounding electrode system as other structures on site
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this power system is responsible for (e.g. supplying off-grid power to remote pumps and sensors)
Energy source (solar PV, wind, grid, generator, propane)
Generation or storage capacity (kW / kWh)
Farm loads supported (pumps, sensors, buildings, EVs)
Days of off-grid autonomy at typical load
A logical network segment on the farm with defined trust and isolation
A farm's operational-technology network is designed so a compromised actuator fails to a safe state rather than an available one
A manufacturer usage description profile lets a network device enforce that an IoT sensor only talks to its declared destinations
A zones-and-conduits security model separates field devices, control systems, and IT management onto distinct network segments with controlled crossings
Name or designation of the network segment
Inherited from farm-infrastructure/component: what this network segment is responsible for (e.g. isolating IoT device traffic from the farm office LAN)
Segment type (e.g. VLAN, SSID, subnet, VPN tunnel)
Trust level (e.g. trusted, IoT-isolated, guest, management)
Isolation method (firewall rules, VLAN tagging, air gap)
An IoT device deployed on the farm for sensing, actuation, or automation
A long-range mesh radio platform claims a fraction of the cost of competing military-grade mesh radios
An open protocol supports over a hundred device variants for text messaging, GPS sharing, and sensor telemetry without cellular infrastructure
An open-source mesh radio node built on commodity single-board computer hardware costs a fraction of enterprise mesh alternatives
Device category (e.g. livestock tag, water sensor, gate controller)
Primary connectivity protocol (e.g. LoRaWAN, BLE, NB-IoT)
Notable technical specifications, power draw, or certifications
A discrete fencing component (post, wire, insulator, gate, clip)
A rigid recycled-material fence post product line is pre-drilled for wire threading and sold as a complete ecosystem of posts, braces, and corners
Corner and line post depth requirements vary by soil type, with driven posts rated several times more secure than set posts
A remote fence-energizer monitoring feature supports several zones with SMS alerting and smartphone control
Component type (e.g. post, wire, insulator, gate, earth stake)
Material, gauge, load rating, or other specifications
Application context within a fencing system
A conservation cost-share program offering agency-funded incentives for approved practice standards
A federal cost-share program reimburses a majority of practice installation cost, with a higher rate for beginning or historically underserved farmers
A state-level agricultural cost-share program funds water-quality best management practices but excludes irrigation infrastructure from its scope
Applications for a federal cost-share program must be submitted before an annual batching deadline to be ranked in that funding cycle
Renamed from program_name to match grant-program/policy's field name directly (e.g. EQIP, RCPP, CSP)
Administering agency (e.g. USDA-NRCS, FSA)
NRCS or other practice codes covered (e.g. 393, 528)
Percentage or dollar-cap of cost share offered
A momentum, maturation, or standardization signal in the direction of travel
AI-driven monitoring and parametric models are emerging in an industry to reduce claim assessment time and enable automatic payouts
A soil-health incentive program spans many states, supporting practice adoption through financial incentives and technical assistance
A depleted, highly weathered soil type has high remaining capacity for carbon accumulation under improved management
Renamed from trend_name to match mif-generic.ontology.yaml's concept field name directly
How established the trend is (e.g. emerging, mainstream)
A law, regulation, code, or government mandate
A land-disturbance threshold exempts small footprints from erosion-control permitting, but cumulative disturbance across a whole project can exceed it
A farm-structure building-code exemption does not extend to electrical, plumbing, gas, or HVAC work, which still requires a permit
A metal fence within a set distance of exposed electrical conductors must be bonded to the grounding system at regular intervals
Warning-sign spacing requirements near hazardous equipment vary by jurisdiction and typically include shock and pacemaker warnings
Renamed from regulation_name to match engineering-base.ontology.yaml's policy field name directly
Governing jurisdiction (e.g. US federal, FCC, FAA)
Relevant entry-into-force or compliance deadlines
Infrastructure or practice supports an operation
A fencing system has a fencing component as a constituent part (RO:0001019 has-part)
A connectivity link connects network segments, bridging coverage zones (RO:0002418 connects)